Journal: Journal of Food Protection

Article Title: Improvement of Karmali Agar by Supplementation with Tazobactam for Detecting Campylobacter in Raw Poultry

doi: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-105

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1. Representative images showing the growth of bacteria on Karmali and tazobactam-supplemented Karmali (T-Karmali) agar plates inoculated with the same carcass rinse sample. White arrows indicate non-Campylobacter colonies; gray arrows indicate suspected Campylobacter colonies. (A) Dense non-Campylobacter colonies on the Karmali agar plate covering the suspected Campylobacter colonies; (B) significantly fewer non-Campylobacter colonies on the T-Karmali agar plate, allowing easy differentiation of the suspected Campylobacter colonies.

Article Snippet: In total, 30 Campylobacter strains (16 C. jejuni: NCTC 11168, ATCC 33560, five human isolates and nine food isolates; 14 C. coli: ATCC 33559, four human isolates and nine food isolates) were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of garlic concentrates on the growth and survival of Campylobacter jejuni in sterilized saline water at different temperatures and times a

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of garlic concentrate on the growth and survival of Campylobacter jejuni in sterilized campylobacter nonselective broth at different temperatures and times

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Raw spectra of a C. jejuni IR transmission spectrum (line 1, green) and micro-Raman spectrum (line 2, red) with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. (b) Micrograph of bacterial samples. The black frame indicates the mapping area for taking the Raman scans shown in panel a. (c) Raman mapping experiment of a single C. jejuni cell at selective wave numbers, namely, 713 to 780 cm−1 (image a), 1,084 to 1,200 cm−1 (image b), 1,272 to 1,388 cm−1 (image c), 1,518 to 1,661 cm−1 (image d), and 2,788 to 3,033 cm−1 (image e). cts, photon counts.

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Transmission Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Second-derivative transformation of FT-IR spectral features of C. jejuni treated with 5 μM diallyl sulfide at 4°C for different time intervals (black, 0 h; indigo, 1 h; blue, 3 h; green, 5 h; red, 24 h). (b) Second-derivative transformation of FT-IR spectral features of C. jejuni treated with 25 μl/ml garlic concentrate at 4°C for different time intervals (green, 0 h; blue, 1 h; indigo, 3 h; black, 5 h; red, 24 h). The red columns show differences in spectral features treated with garlic concentrate and organosulfur compounds.

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Second-derivative transformation of Raman spectral features of C. jejuni treated with 5 μM diallyl sulfide at 4°C for different time intervals (blue, treated for 4 h; black, control). The dotted red columns show differences of spectral features between FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies (especially sulfur compounds).

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron microscope images of Campylobacter jejuni without (a) and with (b) treatment with organosulfur compounds (diallyl sulfide) derived from garlic (Allium sativum).

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Derivative Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative two-dimensional principal-component analysis of C. jejuni cocktail in sterilized campylobacter nonselective broth with 5 μM diallyl sulfide treatment for 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h at room temperature (22°C) using infrared spectra. (b) Representative dendrogram analysis of C. jejuni cocktail in sterilized campylobacter nonselective broth with 5 μM diallyl sulfide treatment for 0 (∧), 4 (&), 12 (*), and 24 h (#) at room temperature (22°C) using Raman spectra.

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Partial least-squares regression models for quantification of live C. jejuni strains treated with garlic-derived organosulfur compounds a

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum ) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy ^▿ †

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02845-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loading plots of first principal component obtained from PLSR for FT-IR spectroscopy (a) and Raman spectroscopy (b) for C. jejuni stress.

Article Snippet: Four C. jejuni strains (ATCC 33291, ATCC 33560, ATCC 43430, and ATCC 49943) were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc. (St.

Techniques: IR Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment

doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-133

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Article Snippet: NCTC 11168 , Campylobacter jejuni wild-type strain , ATCC*.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Mutagenesis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Clone Assay

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment

doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-133

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of oxygen tolerance of C. jejuni wild-type NCTC 11168 and its mutant strains. For ( A ) and ( C ), 5 μl of serial dilutions (from left to right: 10 7 -10 1 CFU/ml) of overnight cultures were spotted onto MH agar plates and incubated at either 18.5% or 5% O 2 . For ( B ), 5 μl of serial dilutions (from left to right: 10 5 -10 1 CFU/ml) of overnight cultures were spotted onto MH agar plates and incubated at either 18.5% or 5% O 2 . Results are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: NCTC 11168 , Campylobacter jejuni wild-type strain , ATCC*.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Incubation

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment

doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-133

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the PSMR gene mutations on Campylobacter colonization and transmission in chickens. ( A ) Colonization levels of single-mutant strains KO39Q and KO73Q in comparison with the wild-type strain NCTC11168. ( B ) Colonization levels of double mutant DKO01Q in comparison with the wild-type strain NCTC11168. In ( A ) and ( B ), cecal contents were collected from chickens necropsied on DAI 5, 10, and 15. Each symbol represents data from a single bird and bars indicate the mean ± SD for each group. Dashed lines indicate the detection limit of the direct plating method. ( C ) and ( D ): Co-mingling experiment demonstrating the transmission of C. jejuni from seeder birds (n = 3 in each group) to naive (non-inoculated) birds. ( C ) The percentage of naive birds (n = 10 for the wild type group and n = 9 for DKO01Q group) positive for C. jejuni after comingling with seeder birds inoculated with NCTC11168 and DKO01Q, respectively. ( D ) Cecal colonization levels of the wild-type strain and DKO01Q strains in naive birds co-mingled with the seeder birds. The birds were euthanized at 9 and 12 days after initiation of co-mingling. Each symbol represents the colonization level of a single bird and the horizontal bars indicate the mean and standard error for each group.

Article Snippet: NCTC 11168 , Campylobacter jejuni wild-type strain , ATCC*.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment

doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-133

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of mutating the cj1169c-cj1170c operon on Campylobacter colonization and transmission in birds. ( A ) Colonization levels in chickens inoculated with wild-type NCTC11168, KOp50Q, and Comp50Q, respectively. The birds were necropsied on 9 and 12 DAI. Each symbol represents a single bird. Horizontal bars indicate the mean and standard error for each group. ( B ) Transmission of C. jejuni from seeder birds to naive (non-inoculated) birds. The percentage of naive birds positive for C. jejuni in each group was shown. ( C ) Cecal colonization levels of the wild-type, KOp50Q, and Comp50Q in naive birds co-mingled with seeder birds. The birds were sacrificed at 9 and 12 days after initiation of co-mingling. Each symbol represents the colonization level in a single bird. The horizontal bars indicate the mean and standard error for each group.

Article Snippet: NCTC 11168 , Campylobacter jejuni wild-type strain , ATCC*.

Techniques: Transmission Assay